本题要求实现二分查找算法。
函数接口定义:
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| Position BinarySearch( List L, ElementType X );
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其中List结构定义如下:
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| typedef int Position; typedef struct LNode *List; struct LNode { ElementType Data[MAXSIZE]; Position Last; };
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L是用户传入的一个线性表,其中ElementType元素可以通过>、==、<进行比较,并且题目保证传入的数据是递增有序的。函数BinarySearch要查找X在Data中的位置,即数组下标(注意:元素从下标1开始存储)。找到则返回下标,否则返回一个特殊的失败标记NotFound。
裁判测试程序样例:
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| #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#define MAXSIZE 10 #define NotFound 0 typedef int ElementType;
typedef int Position; typedef struct LNode *List; struct LNode { ElementType Data[MAXSIZE]; Position Last; };
List ReadInput(); Position BinarySearch( List L, ElementType X );
int main() { List L; ElementType X; Position P;
L = ReadInput(); scanf("%d", &X); P = BinarySearch( L, X ); printf("%d\n", P);
return 0; }
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输入样例1:
输出样例1:
输入样例2:
输出样例2:
编码
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| #include <stdio.h> #define MAXSIZE 10 #define NotFound 0
typedef int ElementType; typedef int Position; typedef struct LNode *List; struct LNode { ElementType Data[MAXSIZE]; Position Last; };
List ReadInput(); Position BinarySearch(List L, ElementType X);
int main() { List L; ElementType X; Position P; L = ReadInput();
ElementType arr[] = {12, 34, 56, 78};
scanf("%d", &X); P = BinarySearch(L, X);
printf("position:%d", P); return 0; }
Position BinarySearch(List L, ElementType X) { Position position = NotFound; if (L == NULL) { return position; } int left = 1, right = L->Last, mid; while (left <= right) { mid = (left + right) / 2; if (X == L->Data[mid]) { position = mid; break; } else if (X > L->Data[mid]) { left = mid + 1; } else { right = mid - 1; } } return position; }
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小结:
- 遍历链表
- 如果元素X等于数组中间值,说明找到,返回
- 如果X比中间值大,left取mid+1向右查找
- 如果X比中间值小,right取mid-1向左查找